The other foreign influence still in India at the end of the nineteenth century was Portuguese. A number of enclaves on India’s west coast were once under Portuguese control, but the power of the Portuguese in these area was greatly reduced once the British and Dutch traders began to “took over” in the early seventeenth century. Eventually Portuguese control was reduced to just three small enclaves - Goa, Damao and Diu. Hundreds of years of Portuguese control did not come to an end with independence in 1947, but much later on in 1962, with the forced annexation by India of these enclaves. There are only a limited number of twentieth century coins for Portuguese India, especially since for most types there are only two different dates. Note that the Portuguese India coins did change to a decimal system around the time that the Republic did - no doubt this allowed it to align with the other “Escudos-based” system in other Portuguese colonies (Angola, Mozambique etc..) as well as in Portugal.

(Sometime I hope to have a few pictures to represent this series from the pieces I have. Four of my pieces should amount to a good representation.)